The death rate for cardiovascular causes was derived from the published literature detailing 1-year mortality among unselected patients with NYHA class II IV heart failure in Switzerland.
The mortality rates for deaths due to other causes were derived by subtracting age-specific cervical cancer mortality rates from the general mortality rates reported in the U.S. life tables (National Center for Health Statistics, 1992).
Specific causes were derived from the ICD-10 code for the underlying cause of death: respiratory disease (ICD-10: J00 through J99), CVD (ICD-10: I01 through I59), MI (ICD-10: I21 through I22), stroke (ICD-10: I60 through I69), and all-cause mortality (TOT; ICD-10: A00 through R99).
An intimation that the general population is exposed to concentrations that may cause diabetes is derived from epidemiological studies (13).
This information is commonly available only in clinical trials or hospital series, but the cause-specific approach is sometimes used on population-based data from cancer registries, where the underlying cause of death is derived from death certificates.
The power to distinguish between different factors (e.g., genetic or environmental) causing the correlation is derived from the MZ and DZ cross-trait cross-member correlations of the MZ twin pairs and DZ twin pairs.
Because lack of vitamin A, from which retinal is derived, causes night blindness, some of the retinal must get lost from the eye to the general circulation; and it is actually replaced by the cells of the pigment epithelium, which are closely associated with the rods.
Next, the timing drift caused by residual SFO and STE is derived together with performance analysis.
