The language of social exclusion may have come from Europe, but overcoming its root cause, inequality of opportunities, would have been as familiar to Clement Attlee as it is to Tony Blair.
After all, they argue that almost every social problem common in developed societies - reduced life expectancy, child mortality, drugs, crime, homicide rates, mental illness and obesity - has a single root cause: inequality.
This April's removal of an epic £12bn in credits and benefits will cause inequality to take off as steeply as it did in the 1980s, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, with a 50% rise in child poverty by 2020.
But just as NAFTA did not cause inequality, killing NAFTA would do nothing to address it," writes Frederick Fritz Mayerer.
The objects of equality, such as income and asset, right and freedom, opportunity, well-being, or capability, are in themselves neither good nor bad; equality on one thing is likely to cause inequality in other things or in other aspects (e.g., opportunity equality may bring about outcomes inequality).
Thoma, the University of Oregon economist, said it still isn't clear whether bubbles cause inequality or inequality causes bubbles.
However, there are some stereotypical judgments associated with my gender and looks that cause inequalities.
Johnson agrees: "I think it will cause inequalities".
For example, greater investment in certain offspring or longer birth intervals can cause inequalities between siblings.
Use of email as communication method in health care does not in their case cause inequalities in health.
"The crisis has probably caused inequality to rise in Europe," says Van Ham.
