These include The Explanation of the Proximate Efficient Cause for Generation and Corruption (al-Kindī RAKAF: 214 37; McGinnis and Reisman 2007: 1 16).
Another entailment of the DISEASE metaphor, especially the mapping between "four winds" and external causes of corruption, is that putting blame on "four winds" for causing corruption distracts from, if not obviates the need for further search of culprits.
Lack of transparency, poor design of the examinations, the subjects' tolerance of corruption, high levels of corruption propensity, and high income expectations in future careers are identified as the main causes of corruption.
For Lost Cause historians, "corruption" was trying to make the South a place for blacks and whites to live in peace with some kind of social equality — that affected Grant's reputation.
Cashless payment might have a positive impact on economic activities (Hasan et al. 2012; Oyewole et al. 2013; Zandi et al. 2013) but it also provide an opportunity for corruption (Park 2012), caused bankruptcy among youth (Noordin et al. 2012) and reduced policy control of the monetary system (Al-laham and Al-tarawneh 2009; Ezuwore-Obodoekwe et al. 2014).
This year, the Assembly again in 2015 voted overwhelmingly for the ban at 139-0, but again the bill never reached the floor in the Senate, supposedly because of the disarray caused by Skelo's multiple indictments for corruption, along with those former Speaker Sheldon Silver now faces.
Complacency on Zanzibar... 10. (C) The ongoing, if not accelerating, level of corruption on Zanzibar is another cause for pessimism in Tanzania's fight against corruption.
Individual acts of courage against corruption are cause for hope, but to fully restore the rule of law, and respect for it, Nepal needs to step up its efforts to improve public integrity.
Public-sector corruption remains a cause for concernWITH scores of 9.3 out of 10, Denmark, New Zealand and Singapore are the world's least corrupt countries, according to a new index from Transparency International, an anti-corruption watchdog.
