In QCA, the scale of main structures is very small, which can cause faults.
Additionally, the elastic heterogeneities could result in local stress concentration around the earthquake area and cause faulting.
The magnitude of the maximum horizontal stress (Shmax) is constrained by assuming that the ratio of the maximum to minimum effective stress cannot exceed that required to cause faulting on an optimally oriented pre-existing fault (Sibson 1974).
Prof Nic Jones, Cancer Research UK's chief scientist, said: "We know that environmental factors like smoking and overexposure to UV rays can cause faults in DNA which can lead to cancer, but for many cancers we don't know what triggers the faults in our DNA that can lead to cancer mutations.
(it isn't good when jumping on really excitable pony because him/her might rush the jumps and knock a few poles off and which WILL cause faults).
Therefore, lightning stroke line without causing fault must be correctly identified by the protection.
Tables 8 and 9 show the simulation results for lightning stroke disturbance and lightning stroke causing fault, respectively.
From Table 8 it can be seen, for lightning stroke without causing fault, that no matter it strikes on line or tower, the identification results are all correct.
The results show that the DSMP is a reliable compression system since it achieves high compression ratios (6.4 1) without causing fault analysis misinterpretation.
As mentioned in Section 2, lightning stroke on line or tower without causing fault may result in the maloperation of protective relay, so it is necessary to study the influence of lightning stroke on the proposed method.
