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Binning based on expression in only one sex can cause expression in that sex to appear relatively reduced among weakly expressed genes, but relatively high for strongly expressed genes, even if the distribution of gene expression is identical for both sexes.
The compounds were assayed in mammalian cells expressing the ecdysone receptor from Bombyx mori for their ability to cause expression of a reporter gene downstream of an ecdysone response element.
For example, CGRP released from neurons could cause expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in satellite cells to produce nitric oxide (NO) [34].
In human cancer cells growing in culture these compounds induce hyperacetylation of histones, cause expression of the tumor suppressor protein p21WAF1/CIP1, and inhibit cellular proliferation.
The compounds were assayed for their ability to cause expression of a reporter gene downstream of an ecdysone response element in a mammalian cell line engineered to express the ecdysone receptor from Aedes aegypti.
A white eyed male Drosophila fly famously caught his attention, and led him to the conclusion that some inherited factors must, indeed, cause expression in the emerging organism [Morgan 1910b].
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GTN infusion model was transformed to rats causing expression of protein markers as a surrogate for headache.
These findings support that the mechanisms for nano-TiO2 liver toxicity are damaging mitochondria, generating ROS, and causing expression disorders of protective genes.
Hyperactive PI3K signaling [87] as well as mutations in the NRF2 gene [88] lead to the constitutive stabilization of NRF2 causing expression of anti-oxidant genes like glutathione reductase [89, 90], thioredoxin [91], thioredoxin reductase 1 [890]90], and others [86].
Type I IFN suppresses tumors by causing expression of p53 and other tumor-suppressing agents [47].
IgH class switch recombination (CSR) causes expression of different immunoglobulin isotypes which confer different effector functions.
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