Lastly, we considered the conclusions for each cause-effect linkage collectively, in order to answer the primary question.
They offer a practical way to understand and express the systems' interrelated parts and the cause-effect linkages for the problem in question.
That said, it remains possible that whip use in the final stages of a race really does improve relative performance at a stage when all horses are slowing, but more frequent and sensitive methods of measuring velocity may be required to detect such a cause and effect linkage.
First, the association could reflect a cause and effect linkage.
For example, Luoma et al. (2001) provide eight case studies that specify cause and effect linkages using community analyses of macroinvertebrates to decipher the effects of multiple stressors.
This enabled women and the wider community to discuss cause and effect linkages, but also some of the more distal causes of health problems.
(Phase 4 FGD) The implementation team (including facilitators) sought to make cause and effect linkages for health problems apparent through stories and problem-solving games.
This is important since one of the theoretical premises of the intervention is that behaviour change will occur if communities are able to analyse the cause and effect linkages of health problems, and then define ways in which they can influence these linkages.
Recent perspectives focus on the two-way interplay between vegetation and hillslope geomorphology, where establishing cause-and-effect linkages is made difficult by confounding factors (spatial temporal scale, location, convergence, divergence, nonlinearity, thresholds, feedbacks).
In addition we assessed the ability to capture connections of measured results to strategy and their cause-and-effect linkages that describe the hypotheses of the strategy [ 16].
The themes are portrayed using a series of cause-and-effect linkages showing how the system ultimately "creates value" for the population [ 12, 13].
