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Lack of clear cause-effect association between Nrt2.1 expression and cellular NO3 − contents under various NO3 − availabilities reflects the complex regulation of nitrate homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism during plant growth and development.
Currently there is no epidemiologic research reported from Asia that has addressed the cause-effect association between sun exposure and cutaneous melanoma.
Taken together, the 'fructose hypothesis' remains controversial, and a cause-and-effect association between fructose intake and the metabolic syndrome and obesity has not been clearly confirmed yet.
Detection of CNS inflammation in all small ruminants that were SBV positive according to ISH indicates a cause-and-effect association between high SBV mRNA copy numbers per cell and lymphohistiocytic immune response.
The temporal relationship between treatment and relief of symptoms suggests a cause and effect association, though we cannot establish whether the benefits are attributable to lorazepam, mannitol, or both.
The cross sectional nature of the study has a limitation to show cause and effect associations and hence association between H.pylori infections with anemia need to be investigated in cohort type studies.
Thus, being cross sectional study makes it less suitable to determine definitive cause and effect associations.
One critical avenue of study will be to determine whether the association between P. copri and rheumatoid arthritis reflects cause, effect or co-association.
Function(causes)=effects, you can use cause effect analysis to identify the relationship between causes and effects.
However, determination of cause and effect regarding associations between insomnia and emotional problems is widely considered to be difficult.
Another limitation is that the cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow strict cause-effect interpretations of the associations between disability, comorbidity, and frailty.
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