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But the idea that trying to live within our means would cause downturn and disaster has been demolished by reality.
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Financial crises, the authors find, are as likely to cause downturns in countries with sophisticated financial systems as in those where traditional bank-lending dominates.
But what might cause the downturn in the first place?
This suggests that writing about recession does not cause a downturn, but it may exacerbate it.
"I know the president didn't cause this downturn, this recession," he said, "but he didn't make it better either.
"The English labourer did not cause the downturn – a banking crisis in America started it," the union man tells the workers.
The existence of the debt did not literally cause the downturn (the consensus is that the proximate cause was a run on the shadow banking system), but it made a deep and sustained contraction far more likely.
It is likely that a rise in EU exports post-quota could possibly cause a downturn in world prices and heavily impact upon an already fragile and volatile sector".
In many toxicological assays, interactions between primary and secondary effects may cause a downturn in mean responses at high doses.
The new system has apparently removed this mass-follow ability, which may well cause a downturn in the rate at which members of the list get new followers.
Asked what had caused the downturn, she said: "I just don't know.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com