Intervention to prevent or delay frailty has important benefits for older people, health services and society. 1 2 Frailty is a medical syndrome with numerous causes, characterised by reduced strength, endurance and physiological function, resulting in increased vulnerability to functional decline, dependence and/or death. 1 Pre-frailty is an intermediate stage between non-frail and frail.
Recessive mutations in LAMB3 are already known to cause JEB, characterised by intense skin blistering arising within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane, caused by a failure of hemidesmosome formation between the epidermis and lamina densa.
As voltage-gated ion channels are essential for membrane excitation, it is not surprising that mutations in the respective channel genes cause diseases characterised by altered cell excitability.
In young children, particularly preterm babies and neonates, RSV may cause bronchiolitis, characterised by an exuberant inflammatory response.
Even in the liver, BmooMP α-II and venom caused necrosis characterised by loss of cellular boundaries, cytoplasmic changes, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis.
Independently of the underlying cause, DCM is characterised by an increase in ventricular chamber size.
Systemic toxins such as hydrogen cyanide can be a significant cause of mortality, characterised by signs of hypoxia despite adequate arterial oxygen tension.
Chronic RAD001 treatment caused resistance development characterised by distinct modification of the integrin-expression profile, driving prostate cancer cells towards high motility.
Radiotherapy initially causes mucosal changes characterised by inflammation or cell death, but subsequently persistent cytokine activation in the submucosa leads to progressive ischaemia, fibrosis and loss of stem cells.
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the Brucella spp. Infections in humans can cause an allergic reaction, characterised by a 1 2 month incubation period followed by prolonged fever, night sweats, body aches, arthralgia, and weakness [ 1, 2].
