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The temporal relationship between treatment and relief of symptoms suggests a cause and effect association, though we cannot establish whether the benefits are attributable to lorazepam, mannitol, or both.
(1) This is a retrospective design that may be influenced by information and selection biases, as well as the lack of temporality, implying cause and effect association. (2) The use of preexisting data from our electronic medical records precluded data collection of known variables that could provide further explanation regarding the relationship between cognitive impairment and race.
Similar(58)
In fact, further research is recommended, such as a longitudinal study to examine the cause-and-effect association of stress and psychological distress.
Taken together, the 'fructose hypothesis' remains controversial, and a cause-and-effect association between fructose intake and the metabolic syndrome and obesity has not been clearly confirmed yet.
Detection of CNS inflammation in all small ruminants that were SBV positive according to ISH indicates a cause-and-effect association between high SBV mRNA copy numbers per cell and lymphohistiocytic immune response.
It is theoretically possible, though we think unlikely, that associations have been missed as a result of unmeasured confounding, i.e. that a true association has been masked by confounding factors that act in equal and opposite directions to a true cause-and-effect association.
First, the study's cross-sectional design was limited in evaluating cause-and-effect associations.
First, its cross-sectional design was limited in evaluating cause-and-effect associations.
One limitation with this survey was the cross-sectional design, which did not allow cause-and-effect associations.
Thus, being cross sectional study makes it less suitable to determine definitive cause and effect associations.
Challenging simplistic cause and effect associations, a small body of literature cautions against conflating parental drug use with child neglect [ 26].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com