Studies in mammals suggest that Cy affects the innate immune system by causing acute damage to the blood forming tissues in bone marrow thereby causing transient reduction in circulating PMNs (polymorphonuclear neutrophils) [ 15].
Aueviriyavit et al. showed that AgNPs can cause acute cellular damage in Caco-2 (HTB-37) cells but only after treatment with relatively high amounts nanoparticles [22].
No subjects had acute febrile illness and thus, should not have acute cholangitis or viral infection which might cause acute liver damage.
This is consistent with the knowledge that anthracyclines cause acute irreversible damage to the cardiomyocytes through generation of free radicals and cardiomyocyte apoptosis [ 24], whereas trastuzumab-induced cardiac toxicity is dose-dependent and largely reversible [ 25].
Unknown effects of some of the medicinal herbs have been observed for instance allergic reactions, direct toxic effect especially due to heavy metal poisoning, adverse effects related to herb desired for pharmacological action against possible mutagenic effects, drug contamination and hepatoxycyty effect due to presence of active agents that can cause acute liver damage [ 2].
Based on these observations, direct cannulation of the coronary artery ostium and myocardial protection/perfusion appear to cause acute traumatic tissue damage and tissue remodeling during the trauma healing process, leading to delayed coronary ostial stenosis [1].
It is also possible that repetitive microtraumas, coupled with slower regenerative processes, may also weaken muscle and connective tissues to the point where sudden energy exchanges are more likely to cause acute (traumatic) tissue damage.
Trauma can also cause acute renal failure by damaging the renal arteries, which may be actually avulsed from the kidneys, or stretched at the time of impact, with tearing of the arterial wall and secondary thrombosis.
Traumatic impaction is known to cause acute cell death and macroscopic damage to cartilage and menisci in vitro.
Literature data indicate that excessive injurious single-impact loading causes acute cartilage damage with increasing chondrocyte death and extracellular matrix damage.
