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The four markers are functionally similar and taken to be the first verb meaning "cause" in a serial verb construction by Li and Thompson (1981: 602) to introduce a clausal direct object to form a causative sentence.
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Note that overtly causative sentences in Mandarin, as in English, can have separate Agent and Stimulus (cf. Jackendoff 2007: 232).
But high initial death rates often fall as officials find that the causative microbe also causes mild, even symptomless cases.
Notice that although the second sentence is translated as an English causative, there is no causative marking involved in the Chinese sentence.
"Social media alone are not causative," she wrote in one of her columns around that time.
Causative morphology is also used in some passive contexts: : The semantic attribute of animacy is syntactically important: thus the sentence, 'the bread was eaten by me', which is acceptable in English, would not be acceptable in Mongolian.
"Is there a causative relationship?
"I will not revisit the causative factors of my humiliation".
Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus.
"An association is not necessarily causative".
But the relationship may not be causative.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com