Markers that are on the same chromosome as a causative locus can be in linkage disequilibrium with the causative locus due to shared inheritance of physically linked markers.
The Arg80Gly (rs223019) polymorphism corresponds to the electrophoretically slow (Arg) and fast (Gly) forms of C3 and may be the causative polymorphism due to the fast forms probable involvement in other diseases including renal transplant survival, Chagas disease cardiomyopathy, and type II mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis [31] [33].
Cultures of vitreous biopsy sample often fail to detect the causative microorganisms due to their low number and low virulence in delayed postoperative endophthalmitis [ 76].
We propose that for those risk alleles without clear causative polymorphism due to broad linkage disequilibrium, hypothesis-driven lineage-focused epigenomic QTL studies may be an alternative for gaining increased resolution of disease causing polymorphisms.
Linkage analysis capitalizes on the fact that, as a causative gene(s) segregates through a family kindred, other markers nearby on the same chromosome tend to segregate together (are in linkage) with the causative gene due to the lack of recombination in that region.
The primary causative factors are due to an increase in the levels of inflammatory mediators which contribute to an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic signalling processes.
Only culture of pericardial fluid grew the causative agent, possibly due to the use of blood culture bottles as primary culture medium.
The significant correlation between amino acid composition and sub-cellular location is partially causative and partially due to indirect effects such as adaption of surface residues to the pH of the protein's localization site [ 23].
The significant increase in HPV-associated OPSCC over the last decade among nonsmoking, young individuals 11 reflects an increasing prevalence of oral HPV infection as a causative factor, possibly due to changes in sexual behavior 12, 13.
Thus, it must also be considered that the association between insulin deficiency/hyperglycemia and negative CF outcomes might not be causative, but rather due to other potential mechanisms such as the presence of more advanced pancreatic endocrine dysfunction in the sickest patients.
