Therefore, although a defendant does not necessarily intend to endanger life when he intends to break a car window, ignoring the likely risk that this will cause the driver to swerve into the path of another vehicle, perhaps fatally, constitutes recklessness and is a sufficient causative nexus.
Concerning the high rate of mutations it must be differentiated which mutation is causative in the disease (driver mutation) and which is only a bystander mutation (passenger mutation).
Figure 4 figure supplement 1 shows that the significant causative role of these drivers can be found along the entire myeloid pathway (including stem cells [Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+], common progenitors of the myeloid and erythroid lineages [Lin−Sca-1−c-Kit+], erythroid [TER-119+] and myeloid [Gr-1+] lineages), but not when using data from the lymphoid, eye, or brain tissues.
For all driver transcripts, the causative relationships were much preferable to the alternative relationships (p value ≤ 0.005, permutation-based FDR < 6 × 10−5, 'Materials and methods'; Figure 3C and Figure 3 figure supplement 1B).
Klf7 and Idh1 are the only two cis-associated module drivers and their causative role in mediating morphine traits is highly significant.
These causative variations, the so-called "drivers", are emerging because of selective pressure during tumorigenesis, whereas many mutations are only incidental or caused by genome instabilities, so-called "passengers" [ 11].
But high initial death rates often fall as officials find that the causative microbe also causes mild, even symptomless cases.
The variability of tumor incidence with regard to individual Cre-drivers does differ somewhat between the two model systems, most likely caused by the contrasting causative oncogenic events (ie, Ptch loss vs. forced Smo overexpression).
In principle, functional somatic mutations can only be causative of cancer if they affect cancer driver genes, which upon mutation confer a distinct selective advantage or a newly acquired capability to the cell [ 12, 13].
The availability of complete genome sequences for many species has allowed wide application of this approach, and it has proven effective at the amino acid level for identifying missense single base variants causative of monogenic diseases [ 14] and missense driver mutations in cancer [ 15].
