Exact(3)
See Dowe (2009) and the entry on Causal Processes for discussion of some of the issues involved in identifying causation with the transfer of energy or momentum.
Ecological models take a broad view of health behaviour causation, with the social and physical environment included as contributors to physical inactivity, particularly those outside the health sector, such as urban planning, transportation systems, and parks and trails.
Again this leads to a number of hypotheses regarding the relationship between affective disorders and asthma in terms of aetiology and causation, with the possibility, for example, that carbon dioxide hypersensitivity and corticosteroid therapy may partly explain this association.
Similar(57)
Naturally, correlation does not imply causation with this crime data.
Of course, as all pollsters know, proving that sort of causation with this sort of data analysis is very difficult if not impossible.
Harper and Strumpf conceptualized the web of causation with respect to the single indicator, education, as a predictor of health (46).
Judges were hostile to the answer, unwilling to quantify "beyond a reasonable doubt", preferring rather to answer causation questions with the common sense of the ordinary man.
This agency is analogous to, even though different from, the efficient causation with which we are familiar in our "sublunar" corruptible world.
Further, Dowe attempts to explain why we might confuse causation with quasi-causation by appealing to the similar roles they play in explanation, decision-making and inference, and justifies this similarity on the grounds of the relation between causation and quasi-causation (again, quasi-causation is essentially possible causation).
This suggests that, rather than let a priori conceptions of causation (or properties, or causal powers) lead us to regard mental causation with suspicion, we should reason in the other direction: revise our conception of causation to fit our actual scientific beliefs and practices.
Associations in our study between concurrent TV and increased hyperactivity/inattention may plausibly reflect reverse causation, with active selection of TV by the child.
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