Sentence examples for causation such as from inspiring English sources

However, Glennan replies that many accounts of causation (such as Woodward's 2003 account, see Section 2.3.4 below) share this flaw.

Many teachers provide this instruction by focusing on explicit causal structures, neglecting implicit forms of causation such as causal asyndetic constructions.

A study design should strive for prospective recording of drug intake during pregnancy, comparison to appropriate control groups adjusted for inherited traits, and single drug exposures for evaluation of specific syndromic causation, such as the Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome.

This view is consistent with counterfactual and interventionist approaches to causation, such as the comprehensive one defended by Woodward (2003), and vindicates the approach of treating constraints as genuine alternatives to adaptive hypotheses.

These contrast with recent discussions employing a broadly manipulationist framework for understanding causation, such as those due to the computer scientist Judea Pearl and others, which are non-reductionist and rely instead on the notion of an intervention.

Further Reading: Pearl (2000), Chapter 1; Spirtes, Glymour and Scheines (2000), Chapter 4. A number of authors have advanced probabilistic theories of causation that don't fit neatly under any of the headings in Sections 2 and 3. Some of these are probabilistic extensions of other theories of causation, such as counterfactual theories or manipulability theories.

To detect causations (such as substrate, freshwater discharge, coastal current and historical events) of phylogeographic break of intertidal and subtidal rocky shore communities, a multi-species genetic analysis of several intertidal and subtidal species along the Chinese coast was performed.

This study validates the phenomena predicted by cumulative causation theory, such as the effects of social networks and social capital of migrants on their immigration behaviors, the ineffectiveness of individual-level human capital on their immigration possibilities, and the gradually declining social class of immigrants along with the expansion of migration social networks.

Some branches of science also concern actual causation directly such as theories about the big bang, or the evolutionary history of species.

6 8 Poverty can lead to mental illness via social causation mechanisms such as inadequate resources to manage stressors, disempowerment, stigma, malnutrition, hopelessness, helplessness, income insecurity, marginalisation, perceived deprivation and reduced access to health services.

On what are called agent-causal views, causation by an agent is held not to consist in causation by events (such as the agent's recognizing certain reasons).