We propose a simple model, the intervention-causation pathway, to explain the pathway through which behavior change interventions may lead to reductions in mortality.
First, the study adopted a cross-sectional design, limiting the extent to which reverse causation and alternate pathways between occupational sedentary behaviour and measures of organizational health could be tested.
Given the socioeconomic inequalities in patient experiences with general practice, the associations between the same patient experiences and specialist utilization found in this study represent possible pathways of causation between socioeconomic status and the utilization of specialist services.
In the present study, the associations between different neurodegenerative diseases have been explored to try to shed light on the common molecular causation or the biological pathways involved in diseases with distinct clinical features and, possibly, in this way help the clinical characterization.
In order to therapeutically exploit a gene, it is crucial to establish the biological role of the gene and/or protein in disease causation and the cognate biochemical pathway.
Although we were able to show that ER stress enhances BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis, future work is needed to establish causation of the ER stress pathway in macrophage apoptosis during mycobacterial infection.
Figure 1 presents our model of 'indirect selection' in a very simplified schematic way, for it ignores the bidirectional pathway (known as causation and direct selection) between low SES and health.
This finding reduces the likelihood of one pathway of reverse causation, but there still could be others, or the effect on work could have been longer ago than the previous year.
Further, the systems lens adopted enabled exploration of a range of contributory factors and revealed alternate likely pathways of accident causation and dependence within the management and regulation of beaches as roads.
We wanted to assemble the company's vast body of interview and research data some of it from the task forces, much of it collected routinely over the course of years but never used strategically then analyze it, draw connections across the data sets, and construct a model to show pathways of actual causation all the way from employee attitudes to profits.
