Further, it has been argued that substance-causation collapses into event-causation, once it is acknowledged that a substance has its causal powers in virtue of its properties (Clarke 2003: Ch. 10).
An advocate of top-down causation would argue that once the higher-level property M1 has been achieved it is legitimate to say that it has certain effects, or can perform certain functions, for instance it might create a new micro-state m2.
For once, the direction of causation seems clear-cut: temperature might conceivably lead to a civil war, but a civil war is unlikely to affect temperature (other than metaphorically).Precisely how the chain of causation works remains unclear for now.
Hume, by contrast, entirely rejects this a priori demonstrative model of causation and replaces the rationalist ideal, once and for all, with the opposing Newtonian inductive ideal.
As a wise man once said, "Correlation is not causation, but it sure is a hint".
Once this occasionalist account of causation had been adopted to explain what happens when bodies collide and, as a result, how they change their speed or direction, there was no new challenge in explaining how human minds and bodies interact.
Once more the exclusion of divine causation undoubtedly motivates the account, the phenomena in question being nearly all ones popularly regarded as manifestations of divine intervention.
An unknown factor is whether or not they may transmute to retroviruses, considered a prime factor in cancer causation..'.... Well size and shape might once have defined virus classification, but genome sequence analysis long ago replaced such methods.
