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While dense nominal and verb-groups can make comprehending explicit causation more difficult (Achugar and Schleppegrell2005 Coffin20044), they can also enable authors to convey cause across the narrative (Tapiero et al.2002), expressing causation between sentences and even between paragraphs.
Given the apparent connection between propensities and causation adumbrated in Section 3.5, powerful causal modeling techniques by authors such as Spirtes, Glymour and Scheines (1993) and Pearl (2000), and recent work on causation more generally (e.g., Hall 2003, Woodward 2003) should also prove fruitful here.
In offering his spirited and protracted defense of substantial forms, and of formal causation more generally, Suárez shows himself aware of the need to articulate and defend core features of his broadly Aristotelian framework, including some which later came in for harsh criticism.
Management causation more likely; more than 50/50 but close call.
For AEs a score above three (> management causation more likely, 50/50 but "close call") were considered an AE and for an AE to be preventable a score of 4 and higher (> 50%; preventability more than likely) was needed.
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Mark correlation supports the possibility of causation and more importantly it strongly suggests that the opposite effect is unlikely to be true.
Table 2 illustrates that the passages about the American Revolution express causation asyndetically more often than the Civil War passages.
Their contributions to the philosophy of causation emerge more from their discussions of the efficient and final causes.
Systemic causation is more complex and is not represented in the grammar of any language.
The following four criteria were omitted: Coherence: Causation is more likely if what is observed is supported by and in agreement with the natural history of the disease.
However, when the present results are coupled with those from our companion review paper summarising interventional mechanistic studies focusing on biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease, 110 the argument for causation becomes more compelling.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com