It took only a few days for critics to point out the correlation versus causation issue too.
"Therefore a causation issue may arise in realation to the emergency response, which has not been previously considered," the IPCC said.
Mr. McCabe said the state was unable "to prove critical forensic and causation issues beyond and to the exclusion of a reasonable doubt" because the medical examiner, Dr. Joan Wood, had amended her autopsy report in February.
And it gets back to what you said about causation: how much more difficult the causation issue is, in terms of linking the damages directly to their activity.
And, the source noted, "By conceding 'significant aggravation,' I think DOJ is trying to avoid ever having this case go to hearing on the underlying causation issue".
If the prosecutor had charged every officer who fired a round the "causation" issue would have been a non-factor, in my opinion.
"If he had stolen the gun then I think there'd be a causation issue, but in fact he got the gun legally from a gun seller because he wasn't on the list," he said.
Monsanto told the court that neither the views of IARC or EPA are necessarily relevant to the general causation issue of the litigation because plaintiffs will need to present admissible expert testimony showing the company's products in fact caused their cancers.
(There's vigorous debate over whether unemployment leads to mental distress or whether mental illness causes unemployment, for instance, and the same correlation-causation issue obtains with the other social factors).
Although the core symptoms of depression are essentially the same across cultures, the presentation may vary because of patients' and their immediate reference group's perception of whether they are depressed; this perception will affect help-seeking behavior and the attribution of causation and issues such as stigma may differ across cultures (4).
