Exact(7)
It took only a few days for critics to point out the correlation versus causation issue too.
"Therefore a causation issue may arise in realation to the emergency response, which has not been previously considered," the IPCC said.
And it gets back to what you said about causation: how much more difficult the causation issue is, in terms of linking the damages directly to their activity.
And, the source noted, "By conceding 'significant aggravation,' I think DOJ is trying to avoid ever having this case go to hearing on the underlying causation issue".
If the prosecutor had charged every officer who fired a round the "causation" issue would have been a non-factor, in my opinion.
"If he had stolen the gun then I think there'd be a causation issue, but in fact he got the gun legally from a gun seller because he wasn't on the list," he said.
Similar(52)
Mr. McCabe said the state was unable "to prove critical forensic and causation issues beyond and to the exclusion of a reasonable doubt" because the medical examiner, Dr. Joan Wood, had amended her autopsy report in February.
For instance, if a macro-state M1 is supervenient on a micro-state m1, top-down causation issuing from that macro-state M1 has its ultimate cause in the micro-state m1.
(There's vigorous debate over whether unemployment leads to mental distress or whether mental illness causes unemployment, for instance, and the same correlation-causation issue obtains with the other social factors).
The data used in this study cannot address the causation-selection issue of educational level and psychiatric morbidity, but this issue has been investigated elsewhere using a different study design.
Although the core symptoms of depression are essentially the same across cultures, the presentation may vary because of patients' and their immediate reference group's perception of whether they are depressed; this perception will affect help-seeking behavior and the attribution of causation and issues such as stigma may differ across cultures (4).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com