The principles of moral reasoning and discourse require effective causation in order to realize agency.
Sometimes they tell you the child is bewitched" (FGD young mothers, Kawawa) While supernatural causation was prominent in the discourse about degedege/likonde, 57% of the FGDs (especially the women) and 40% of the key informants related it to malaria.
The result is that behavioural and biomedical discourses emphasise proximate causation and individual responsibility [ 26], which, in turn, limits the possibilities of public health action [ 27].
Blackburn, for example, suggests quasi-realist approaches not just to moral discourse, but also to modality, causation and probability.
Rather, our narratives indicate that the relational concept of health and illness, particularly of disease causation, were pragmatic and consistent with modern discourses of disease which locate stress and anxiety as triggers of illness episodes.
Unfortunately, scientific explanations of obesity carry less weight in the media than behavioural and biomedical discourses that emphasise immediate (or 'proximate') causation and individual responsibility, reflecting what some have seen as the reductionist tendency in the prevalent 'western model' of health [ 21].
We can attribute to Leibniz the following view: God's role in intrasubstantial causation, besides that which is implied by miraculous intervention, is an emanatory one (Discourse on Metaphysics §28; New Essays 210f).
Careful scrutiny of evolutionary language and content and analyses of their relationships to evolutionary thinking hold great promise for elucidating how discourse practices may facilitate or constrain student mental models of biological causation.
One aspect of evolution education that has received comparatively less attention is the role that language and discourse practices play in the formulation of mental models of evolutionary causation (Lemke 1990; Pinker 2009).
Rhetorical relations such as causation, elaboration and enablement could aid in tracking the temporal progression of the discourse (17).
