Sentence examples for causation based on the from inspiring English sources
For identifying the causality relations, the definition of causation based on the concept of manipulation is adopted [15].
However, inferences about causation based on the WGCNA method must be supported by both biological arguments and statistically significant associations.
6 We are now in a position to consider a definition of actual causation based on the structural model approach (Halpern & Pearl, 2005).
Here we see a very explicit attempt to rebut the charge that an account of causation based on agency is circular by contending that the relation between an action (or a human manipulation) and its result is not an ordinary causal relation.
Therefore, we can now examine the argument for causation based on Hill's criteria.
This connects with some of the criticisms leveled by Glymour et al. (2010) at the philosophical accounts of actual causation based on structural models.
In the United States, some courts have dealt with EDs, but causation based on animal studies has been a stumbling block for plaintiffs seeking compensation, principally because those courts opt for epidemiological evidence.
judicial acceptance of scientific expert testimony, policy science acceptance of conflicting scientific evidence, aggregation of informed beliefs, choices justified by theoretical principles, and probabilistic causation based on Bayesian reasoning.
Massey et al. proposes a cumulative causation theory based on the social capital theory of immigrants (Massey et al. [1987]; Massey [1988], [1990a], [1995]).
We recently reported our own FMS causation model based on the experimental findings of Martinez-Lavin and others [ 2].
Biological Gradient was investigated in one cohort 29 that showed no positive association between baseline peak KAM and loss of medial tibial cartilage volume over 12 months, resulting in a score of 0. Consequently, the causation score based on the included cohort studies was 0 for the association between peak KAM during walking and structural disease progression in patients with knee OA (table 3).
