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Additionally, we examine the stability of the estimated models and investigate the Granger causality relationships between the variables in the system.
In order to examine both the long-run and short-run the dynamic causality relationships between output in the different sectors and electricity consumption, we start by examining the cointegration in each sector following the Johansen (1988) multivariate approach.
Despite the increasing number of bug analysis tools for exploring bugs in software systems, there are no tools supporting the investigation of causality relationships between internal quality metrics and bugs.
Furthermore, from the Granger causality test, we found that there are bidirectional causality relationships between gross fixed capital formation in industry, oil price, manufacturing exports, population growth, agricultural output, and industrial output in the short and long run.
At the same time, to the best of our knowledge, there is very little contribution on the causality relationships between the above three variables that, as we argue, play a crucial role for economic policies that search to reconcile growth and a clean environment.
The next data structure that we construct reveals the causality relationships between events in the simulation trajectory.
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Figure2a also depicts the causality relationship between the hidden variables and the observed variables.
In addition, we found an unidirectional causality relationship between CO2 emissions and their determinants.
Empirical studies have mainly looked at the causality relationship between the airport infrastructure and local economic development.
Our model establishes a causality relationship between consumed and produced data tokens at each operator and their corresponding occurrence times.
The idea is to preserve the causality relationship between all the events, by tracing interactions between remote cores and creating a fictitious global clock.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com