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Second, based on its generative perspective on causality, it seeks to explain change by referring to the actors who change a situation under influence of particular external events (such as an intervention) and under specific conditions [ 33].
Even though the cross-sectional design adopted in this research prohibits us to determine causality, it provides however that a causal link exists between EBM utilization and social collaborative relationships.
Although this approach does not allow to measure causality, it will certainly allow adequate documentation of the factors leading to its success [ 27] by taking into account the complexity of multiple factors of influence.
Re "Clinical Trials May Not Represent Population" (Vital Signs, Dec. 25): Even though a randomized comparative experiment is the gold standard used in clinical trials to assess causality, it is not surprising that such "may not be representative of the broader population".
According to the principle of causality, it has been shown that the temperature gradient must precede the heat flux.
To establish the disease causality, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the mutations on protein function in further in vitro studies.
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Although the authors initially thought that it would be possible to model these causalities it became clear that the system is highly reflexive and adaptive.
As with the above studies, because this was a case control study it is not possible to conclude causality (ie, it is possible that a shoulder injury results in reduced activity and therefore increasing BMI).
Another limitation is its inability to establish causality, since it is a cross-sectional analysis in which there is no information on the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome.
This equated to the bit in most conspiracy theories in which a lump of data suggests a correlation between two things but no one can actually put any kind of causality into it, so they just keep on repeating it ad nauseam.
It is not possible to define the causality, but it is most likely that the effect of u-LFABP is mediated through the development of elevated urinary albumin excretion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com