This raises some further points about inferring causality: increased dimensionality of niche divergence might promote speciation, reduced gene flow might allow divergence in a greater number of niche dimensions, or these two processes feed back on one another [77], [87], [88].
Although association does not indicate causality, increased knowledge of the risk factors and injury mechanisms is an essential component when planning intervention programmes.
However, as discussed above, inferring causality is reasonable in light of prior evidence that helmet laws in the same jurisdictions causally increased helmet use.
Large concert venues are incredibly expensive to stage and often become a causality of increased costs and decreased demand.
As for mortality, the causality of increased morbidity is hard to prove.
Thus, including parous women may introduce reverse causality between increased PFAS levels and prolonged TTP [ 16].
This finding clearly demonstrated causality between increased HO-1 activity and inhibition of VSMC migration.
If we assume causality, the increased risk of delivering out of hours accounted for about a quarter of all neonatal deaths at term ascribed to intrapartum anoxia.
Regression analysis was conducted to assess: correlation between mortality and effects of excess occupancy; and causality of increasing demand for ICU beds.
In order to directly address the causality between increased NICD stability and the change in pace of oscillations, we attempted to rescue the effect of the inhibitors by modifying NICD production in the PSM.
