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Our findings (not tabulated) indicate that the debt type ratios used as dependent variables in our paper do not significantly affect the equity risk and, consequently, that our findings are not driven by this reverse causality concern.
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To further help mitigate reverse causality concerns, we also control for the worker's use of literacy and numeracy skills at the workplace.
Second, as far as we know, this is the first paper to use a family FE model to account for all possible sources of time-invariant heterogeneity together with an IV approach to complement the FE results and alleviate reverse causality concerns.
Finally, because participants were not randomly assigned to levels of the mediators, it is not possible to infer causality concerning the effect of the mediators on the outcome.
In addition, inherent limitations of the cross-sectional and case control study designs do not allow inferences about causality concerning the association.
Finally, it is essential to note that the association between the place of residence and fertility choices raises causality concerns, since the relation might be spurious and the effect can work in both directions.
Further, reverse causality is of concern due to the retrospective study design.
25 A causal relation cannot be inferred from our results though, and the issue of reverse causality remains a concern.
People in Golestan may start using opiates to alleviate pain prior to their cancer diagnosis and, therefore, reverse causality is a concern.
And he never provides argument in support of this general thesis concerning causality.
However, the literature on causality thus far concerns a one-day horizon.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com