Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(29)
Hence, any interpretation of the study's findings must be carefully limited as direction of causality cannot be determined.
Causality cannot be determined using a cross-sectional design.
Because of the cross-sectional design, causality cannot be determined.
The authors noted that the relationships among these experiences are complex and causality cannot be determined.
Due to the cross-sectional design of the present study, causality cannot be determined.
Second, as a consequence of the cross-sectional study design, direction of causality cannot be determined.
Similar(31)
However, even if causality between parameters cannot be determined, improving some of these variables may also have a positive influence on the other parameters (including compliance), thus allowing for other possible interventions (such as psychoeducation, improvement of patient-physician relationship, etc).
The direction of causality of these associations cannot be determined in a cross-sectional study.
However, a direction en causality of this association cannot be determined in this study.
The precise direction of causality between these variables cannot be determined by the current study: whether criminal offending is a consequence of economic hardship (as a number of criminal offences were for theft), 40 or representative of greater social adversity or other underlying personality traits, is unknown.
Causality in individual cases cannot be determined at a single time point, but a number of studies have undertaken serial evaluation around an intervention aimed at maintaining SR, and these have provided an important insight into causal relationships in the studied cohorts.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com