Sentence examples for causality analyses from inspiring English sources

This result provides direct evidence that lexical processes influence lower level phonetic perception, and demonstrates the potential value of combining Granger causality analyses and high spatiotemporal resolution multimodal imaging data to explore the functional architecture of cognition.

In addition, we did a subgroup analysis to investigate potential reverse causality; analyses were repeated dropping deaths within the first five years of follow-up.

Results from causality analyses indicate that the conventional model of genetic variants regulating methylation, which in turn regulates gene expression, is most common.

Granger causality analyses revealed that these networks communicate in their preferred direction and frequency band: response-related MF → OC interactions occurred in the theta band, whereas stimulus anticipation-related OC → MF interactions occurred in the alpha band.

Our findings provide a more direct bridge between these literatures, by demonstrating that MF and OC regions coordinate local networks (cross-frequency coupling) and operate as hubs for large-scale brain networks (from graph-based analyses), which interact using their preferred frequency bands (from Granger causality analyses) during perceptual discrimination task performance.

We further investigated the directionality of the ACC-FEF interactions by performing Granger-causality analyses.

To facilitate causal analyses based on language data, we consider the role that text classifiers can play in causal inference through established modeling mechanisms from the causality literature on missing data and measurement error.

To reduce the chance of reverse causality, sensitivity analyses were run excluding the first 3 years of follow-up.

Although our data are cross-sectional and therefore cannot define causality, our analyses demonstrate complex host genetic associations with taxonomic and metabolic dysbiosis in humans.

Since, in our data, only the APOE and CR1 loci demonstrate a genetic association with the outcome measures – which is a prerequisite for testing mediation and reverse causality – all analyses testing for evidence of CpG-mediated effect of SNPs and reverse causality (Fig. 1, models 2 and 3) were limited to these two loci.

Analyses of cancer risk by duration since diagnosis of diabetes could potentially illuminate causality, but cohort analyses of this factor have only been conducted for 1500 patients (Hjalgrim et al, 1997).