Effective public health policies to prevent mental disorders and promote mental health "should encompass multiple preventive interventions addressing multiple causal trajectories for the relevant populations at risk" [ 16, 44], demonstrating the need for both universal and targeted strategies.
The presented approach treats the considered transition task as a two-point boundary value problem (BVP) and yields causal feedforward trajectories, which are constant outside the transition interval.
But how can impediments have a causal influence on the evolutionary trajectory of a lineage?
Identifying the mechanisms responsible for a civilization's observed trajectory involves, therefore, causal relationships that cross the often-postulated "cultural material" divide.
This opens up a wide range of opportunities for analyses on trajectories of health states, longitudinal relationships of outcome determinants, and, most importantly, causal relationships between conditions and trajectories over a period of 18 months.
Although early tobacco smoking has been shown to increase risk for later persistent smoking, it is unlikely to have a causal effect on socio-economic trajectories in the same way as early cannabis use may.
For example, bumping the table (A) prevented the ball going into the pocket (B) because there is an interaction between bumping the table and the trajectory of the ball (x), a causal interaction, and the true counterfactual 'without A, x would have caused B'.
The other possible answer is that constraints do have a causal influence on evolution because they prevent evolutionary trajectories from attaining some outcomes.
If we just trace the causal processes (in the form of actual molecular trajectories) that lead to $P_2$, as the CM model requires, we will fail to represent or capture this information about the full range of conditions under which $P_2 $and alternatives to it will occur.
