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The type of relationship question is recorded in numbers corresponding to categories stated elsewhere in the survey, with higher numbers indicating more causal partnerships (4 = dating) and lower numbers indicating steadier partnerships (1 = married).
Postulated reasons for inconsistent or no condom use by young people may include infrequent sexual activity and changing to new relationships, causal partnerships, use of alcohols or drugs, and not having condoms at the time of sex [ 14, 26, 27].
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It is difficult to propose a direct causal link between program characteristics (partnership formation) and outcomes.
Hypothesized causal pathways between type of venue, multiple sexual partnerships and evidence of syphilis infection, were conceptualized using directed acyclic graphs [ 23] (Fig. 1) and log-binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios for the relationships between variables on this proposed causal pathway.
Dose-response relationship will be used to assess strength of evidence of causal relationship between implementation of QI strategies through the partnership and improvement in quality of care.
The strength of this study is the longitudinal design, which allowed studying a more causal relationship between collaboration process and the perceived success of a partnership.
The conceptual model for the Initiative highlights points in the causal chain between health system strengthening activities and health impact where evidence produced by the partnerships can contribute to learning.
Causal Inference.
Causal superseding.
Is the Universe causal?
There is a causal link.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com