The concept of such an association relies on the association seen between a common variant and rare causal ones [12].
Real properties are eo ipso causal ones.
Aims To address whether the relationship between DUP and outcome is a direct causal one or the result of association between symptoms and/or cognitive functioning and social functioning at the same time point.
This finding is important when interpreting the relationship between FE and GE, which is probably not a causal one.
In addition to edges that enable the construction of HYPs (i.e., causal relationships between one upstream entity and its downstream measurables; Figure 1a), the Selventa Knowledgebase also contains literature-curated relationships between the upstream entities of different HYPs.
To identify causal relationships between, on the one hand, tax and punishment policies and, on the other hand, educational outcomes is giving the available data an overwhelming task.
In such a case, the lack of a significant correlation will not rule out the possibility of a causal link between one's morphological awareness and reading performance.
The objective of this paper is to synthesize the emerging research on one non-cognitive skill: locus of control.1 Locus of control is perhaps best described as "a generalized attitude, belief, or expectancy regarding the nature of the causal relationship between one's own behavior and its consequences" (Rotter 1966 p.2).
"Complicating comorbidity," or the strong causal relationship between one disease and another, for example, between hypertension and stroke or obesity and diabetes, may also explain the frequent clustering of comorbidities in our study sample.
Seen from Europe, the history of free speech in the U.S. undermines those who insist on a causal link between legalization of hate speech, on the one hand, and racist violence and killings, on the other.
Nature displays no other examples of such one-way causal intercourse between realms.
