Sentence examples for causal direction between from inspiring English sources

What is the causal direction between life expectancy and some of these socio-economic variables?  .

The debut crime hypothesis suggests a causal direction between crime opportunities and criminal careers, with three linked propositions: (a) The reduction in debut crimes has been brought about by security improvements, which make them more difficult, more risky or less rewarding.

Inferring the causal direction between correlated variables is a pervasive issue in biology that simple regression analysis cannot answer.

Therefore, there is need for longitudinal studies to establish the exact causal direction between the investigated variables and MHS.

Longitudinal studies are required to determine the causal direction between patient activation and self-reported health status.

Our design is not suited to decide about the causal direction between alcohol abuse and spousal mental distress.

Second, given the cross-sectional design, the results of the present study do not permit any conclusions on causality or causal directions between obesity and comorbidities.

(2) The present study suffers from an innate issue, namely that we are not able to distinguish the causal directions between the SES and health status.

The cross-sectional design of the study could not demonstrate causal directions between smoking and emotional/behavioural problems.

Finally, the cross-sectional study design may not allow us to draw firm conclusions about the causal direction of associations between alcohol and e.g. diabetes.

Lastly, the cross-sectional nature of the study prevents conclusions about the causal direction of associations between adiposity, leptin and stress-reactivity.