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Perhaps more importantly, the associations seen could be operating in either causal direction.
In other countries, the causal direction will run primarily from economics to politics.
"This really nails down the causal direction," said Keith Oatley, an emeritus professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto who was not involved in the study.
Causal direction.
Question: What is the basis for causal direction?
Direction: What is the metaphysical basis for causal direction?
The causal direction is then taken as the unscreened temporal direction.
One can then determine the causal direction by examining the stability of the conditional distributions.
What is the causal direction between life expectancy and some of these socio-economic variables? .
and partly because of the unexplained causal direction concerning the relationship between explanatory and dependent variables.
The development of these resources is an unfolding and interrelated process, the causal direction of which is highly ambiguous.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com