Sentence examples for caudal input from inspiring English sources
Thirty-three flaps harvested from the forearm and dorsal foot regions of 12 fresh cadavers were divided into four groups: Group 1, cephalic input (n=12); Group 2, caudal input (n=11); Group 3, bidirectional input (n=13 — converted from either Group 1 or Group 2); and Group 4, a control group made up of traditional arterial free flaps (n=10).
Bath application of CCh influenced both caudal and rostral input-evoked fEPSPs without significant differences between the two inputs within the same slice (i.e. the previous HFS delivered to the caudal input did not affect the induction of CCh-LTD).
After a baseline of at least 30 min, high-frequency stimulation (HFS; four trains, each of 100 Hz, 1 s, every 15 s) was delivered on the caudal input to induce long-term potentiation (LTP).
After the recording of a stable baseline (30 min) HFS was delivered to the caudal input whilst the rostral input served as a control (for clarity, data for the rostral input are not shown).
The perfusion areas of the cephalic-input flaps were larger than those of the caudal-input flaps.
The bidirectional-input flaps showed statistically significantly larger areas of perfusion than both the caudal-input and the cephalic-input groups.
Video: Summers sit to stand with caudal stimulation.
The aim was to compare the various modes (cephalic, caudal and bidirectional input) of venous-flap perfusion and to relate the area perfused to the microvascular architecture of the venous flaps.
TPs might play a role in the perception of the severity of pain by sensitizing the neurons of the trigeminal caudal nucleus, which receive input from cephalic blood vessels and pericranial muscles [3, 20].
After integration, the area under the curve represents the AV stroke volume (SV) and corresponds to the total blood volume mobilized in either caudal (output) or cranial (input) directions during the CC.
Those in the caudal IOβ should receive inputs from all sectors of the utricle as well as from saccular regions that bend horizontally (Curthoys et al. 1999).
