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Depredation represented 18.9% of the overall cattle mortality, being predominant on calves.
The effects of droughts and bush encroachment are major drivers of forage scarcity, causing cattle mortality in southern Ethiopia.
The findings revealed that climate change has intensified the rate of recurrence and severity of droughts on cattle mortality.
For example, tick-borne diseases constitute over 72% of the annual cattle mortality in Tanzania [ 5, 6].
Indeed, a study by Swai et al. [ 38] in Maasai pastoralists in Tanzania reported that TBDs were the main cause of low productivity and cattle mortality.
The estimated mean financial loss due to cattle mortality as a result of bovine trypanosomosis was about 3502 ETB (US$2000; "according to NBE 1 US$ is equivalent to 17 ETB") per household in the study districts.
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Cattle mortalities due to TBDs were reported by 23.8% (n = 74) of the farmers.
Besides the impact of climate change (Megersa et al. 2014), changes in the ecology of savanna grasslands due to bush encroachment (Angassa and Oba 2008), impacts of recurrent droughts, and problems of cattle mortalities (Angassa and Oba 2007; Angassa 2011) are among the major drivers for livestock diversification by pastoralists.
Since then several animal poisonings have been recorded, including cattle mortalities [ 9].
Overall, the findings from this study will ultimately help farmers develop efficient control strategies to curtail cattle mortalities emanating from bovine babesiosis.
It is estimated that, in South Africa, approximately 18% of all cattle mortalities are due to tick-borne diseases including babesiosis, anaplasmosis and heartwater [ 10].
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