Cattle with L-type (L-BSE) and H-type (H-BSE) atypical Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) were identified in 2003 in Italy and France respectively before being identified in other countries worldwide.
Cattle (Bos taurus L). have three major geographic groupings, the European and North Asian taurine, South Asian and East African zebu, and West and South African sanga [ 22].
Results from stability studies with TME, bovine passaged TME, and white-tailed deer CWD indicate that these diseases in cattle would, like L-type BSE, be indistinguishable from classical BSE in this assay.
As compared to classical BSE PrPSc, PrPSc from cattle infected with L-type BSE from French and Italian (BASE) sources exhibited similar behavior in the steep region of the stability curve; however, some samples (derived from the French L-type inoculated cattle) exhibited a striking increase in ELISA signal at low GdnHCl concentrations.
Altered lying down behaviour was observed in all H-type BSE-inoculated cattle and one L-type BSE-inoculated steer (L4) at some time during the incubation period (usually only once and never at the last camera observation prior to cull) scoring 3 in three and 2 in two (H4 and L4) cattle.
Among the diseases caused by these pathogens that can affect humans are the following: 1) tularemia, which is a disease mainly transmitted through rabbits; 2) smallpox, which is not a cattle zoonosis; 3) l eishmaniasis, which is not a highly contagious disease; and 4) leptospirosis, which has been associated with epidemics after rainfall and flooding in relation to rodent infestation.
Transmissible mink encephalopathy has been hypothesized to have originated from the feeding of downer cattle, possibly carrying atypical, L-type BSE, to farm-raised mink [ 37].
Two groups of four cattle, intracerebrally inoculated with L-type or H-type BSE, all presented with a nervous disease form with some similarities to classical BSE, which progressed to a more dull form in one animal from each group.
These findings on the transmission of H-type into transgenic mice provide further evidence for the distinct biologic properties of this cattle TSE compared to L-type BSE and typical BSE.
The J Bar L runs its cattle across 20,000 acres near the Idaho border, in a vast and largely empty valley framed by the looming peaks of the Centennial Mountains.
