In this category, novel exons were recruited from retrocopies that inserted into or adjacent to host genes in the opposite orientation to the retrocopy's parent gene.
By default VASP reports are sorted progressively on four measures: variant category (novel, rare, no frequency and common), the number of variant affected samples (in descending order), the number of unaffected variant samples and lastly the variant population frequency.
The winners of the five categories – novel, first novel, biography, poetry and children's - who each receive £5,000, will be announced on January 6.
There are five categories – novel, first novel, biography, poetry and children's book – and winners of each section will be announced in January.
Greig, editor of the London Evening Standard, said the prize, which chooses the best overall book from five categories – novel, biography, poetry, children's novel and first novel – was one which came "with a sense of impossibility about it.
The shortlist was one of five announced for this years Costas, awards that unashamedly reward the year's most enjoyable books across different categories: novel, first novel, poetry, biography and children's book.
Novel chicken genes fall into two broad categories: novel genes predicted by bioinformatics gene prediction programs and novel chicken genes that have been studied prior to the completion of chicken genome sequencing.
Interventions were categorized with three broad-band categories (novel programs, international adoption, and adaptation) and six sub-categories (innovation, conceptually new, adoption, cultural adaptation, pragmatic adaptation, and eclectic adaptation).
The Costa prize is unusual in that it pits five category winners – novel, first novel, biography, children's and poetry – against each other for the top £30,000 prize; like comparing chicken curry with custard, as one former judge said.
The two books were among five finalists for the Whitbread prize, which has winners in five categories: novels, first novels, poetry, biography and children's books.
The titles have each already won one of Costa's individual category prizes – novel, memoir, debut novel, children's book and poetry – with a panel of judges chaired by author Robert Harris due to announce the overall winner on Tuesday evening.
