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For the analysis, normalized genes were categorized using the Gene Set Analysis Toolkit from WebGestalt (http://bioinfo.vanderbilt.edu/webgestalt/[ 14]) or the Ingenuity tools (Redwood City, CA, USA).
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Significantly altered genes (Z-ratio≥3.0) were categorized using the platform gene ontology FatiGO (Fast Assignment and Transference of Information using Gene Ontology, http://www.fatigo.org) with respect to gene function including biological process and molecular function [26].
To identify An. gambiae genes whose products are involved in related processes, the EST consensus sequences of the transcripts differentially expressed in these 3 patterns were annotated using sequence similarity and categorized using the molecular functions listed by the Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) and the biological processes defined by Holt et al. [ 49].
Functional properties of the differentially expressed or methylated genes were categorized using the BiNGO Cytoscape plugin as described previously (Maere et al., 2005).
To characterize the effect of citrinin to yeast cells, the induced genes were categorized using the functional categories of MIPS.
The functions of respective CDS were categorized using the Interpro, GO and Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) data bases.
The D. purpurea unigenes were further analyzed and categorized using the Gene Ontology (GO), which had been widely used to standardize the representation of gene and gene product attributes across species and to describe gene products in terms of their associated biological processes, cellular locations and molecular functions in a species-independent manner [ 59].
Serum cotinine concentrations were categorized using the thresholds described above.
Genes were categorized using NCBI Entrez Gene.
Differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized using their Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways annotations using GeneSpring GX.
Then the genes were categorized using Gene Ontology annotations program (http://apps1.niaid.nih.gov/David/gochart).nih.gov/David/gochart
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