Our diagnostic algorithm categorizing exercise pathophysiology, based on patterns of exercise gas exchange, was designed to identify scleroderma patients with characteristic patterns of PV and normal pulmonary artery pressure on echocardiography.
Such U-shaped dose-response pattern is specific to influenza-associated mortality as shown in this study, but not for effects on mortality per se in another study using the same method to categorize exercise level (Lam et al 2004) [2].
Potential confounding factors considered were education, type of housing, use of alcohol, smoking and exercise categorized as in Table 1 and age.
Those subjects who engaged in sports or other forms of exercise ≥3 times a week during their leisure time categorized regular exercisers.
The intensity of physical exercise was categorized as follows: low (no strenuous exercise such as reading, watching television or handicraft), medium (lightly strenuous exercise such as walking or bicycling for four or more times a week), keep-fit (fitness training for three or more hours a week), and sport (sports for several times a week).
Exercise was categorized as "breast healthy" if participants exercised for at least 20 minutes at moderate/vigorous intensity at least five times per week.
In this module patients compose a list of important skills for preventing and resolving conflicts, which are practiced in role-playing exercises categorized by theme.
LTPA was captured by asking how often in the previous 4 weeks study members had participated in any sports, vigorous leisure activities, or exercises, categorized as: no participation in LTPA, moderately active (one to four times), and most active (five or more times).
Regular exercise was categorized as irregular or regular based on the frequency of recreational activity and exercise during a week.
Physical exercise was categorized into ≥150 min/week or <150 min/week.
