We categorized countries into four regions: UK, USA, Other Euro-American countries (OEAC) and (RoW).
For the allocation of regions of the world, we categorized countries into four regions: UK, USA, OEAC (Other Euro-American countries) and RoW (Rest of the World).
Source: Authors' analysis of data compiled from 45 developing countries in 2006 Notes: The HIV/AIDS epidemics are classified according to WHO.a We categorized countries according to the efficiency of their national AIDS programs using a separate DEA. for data in 2006 only.
Instead of categorizing countries as either democratic or autocratic, a more fruitful approach is thus to look for autocratic and democratic policy processes and practices within each political system (Glasius, 2017).
Finally, DEMIG POLICY has attempted to partly overcome the receiving country bias by not categorizing countries as either origin or destination countries – acknowledging that all countries are both –, by consistently tracking exit policies and by including several non-OECD countries in the database.
We used a previously established method of categorizing countries by redistributive political traditions.
The form of health security was also assessed to categorize countries into different operation systems: customer sovereignty model, social health insurance, and national healthcare service.
We categorize countries as low-income (LOW), lower middle-income (LMI), upper middle-income (UMI), and high-income (HIGH) according to the 2013 World Bank levels [ 34] to approximate the variability in conditions throughout the world.
Irrespective of the method used to categorize countries in developing world, (by GNP, HDI or any other method), generation of new knowledge in biomedical research in these nations is insufficient.
We used Ferrera's typology because it accounts for theoretical and methodological weaknesses of previous classifications and it categorizes countries based on different aspects of the welfare provision, and therefore various recent studies have used it to analyse variations in population health and health inequalities 12, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 55.
We used the World Bank definition, which categorizes countries according to Gross National Income (GNI) per capita in 2011 as follows: low income, $1,025 or less; lower middle income, $1,026 - $4,035; upper middle income, $4,036 - $12,475; and high income, $12,476 or more [ 10].
