Students of animal communication face significant challenges when deciding how to categorize calls into subunits, calls and call series.
The Times, deciding that the film was impossible to categorize, called it "weird and wonderful, disgusting and demented".
Here, we use algorithms designed to parse human speech to test different approaches for categorizing calls of killer whales.
Fire officials said that based on details given by the initial caller, the 911 operator categorized the call as "Segment 5" — a medium priority call.
Patient/family-initiated calls made from the pillow speaker or call cord were categorized as normal calls but calls initiated in the bathrooms were not included in the analysis.
Weiß and colleagues then categorized the calls and produced sonograms, which show the structure of the sound waves, to compare against sonograms of the originals.
Overall, the findings supported the view that the monkeys categorized these calls in a fashion similar to humans, when they categorize continuous acoustic variation in speech.
In most of the inpatient care settings, patient- or family-initiated call lights have been categorized into normal calls (made from the pillow speaker), urgent calls (when a normal call was not answered within 3 minutes, an urgent call will be sent out), or toileting or bathroom calls (the calls made from the bathroom).
We categorize these calls into (1) new calls including dual access calls blocked in the WLAN, (2) horizontal handoff, and (3) vertical handoff calls from the WLAN to the cellular networks.
However, even if such variation does exist, it does not necessarily follow that the acoustic variation will be perceived by receivers, although it would seemingly be advantageous for listeners to discriminate; playback experiments are necessary to demonstrate the ability of receivers to correctly categorize the call based on the acoustic variation [e.g., Fischer, 1998].
