In addition, in an open-ended question, women were asked, "What can a pregnant woman do to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV to her unborn child?" Responses were categorized as: take medication while pregnant, medication for baby soon after the birth, EBF, formula feeding, visit a hospital/clinic/trained health worker, giving birth in a hospital, or other (multiple responses allowed).
ART status was categorized as not taking ART, taking ART prescribed by the research clinic, or taking ART prescribed by an outside clinic.
The extent of action taken was categorized as well: 1] fully carried out; 2] partly carried out; and 3] not carried out.
All adverse events were categorized as mild.
The subjects were categorized as either taking insulin therapy or not.
Such a "procedure" could be categorized as a "taking into account and bearing in mind" process, a process that Dowie rightfully criticized as vague, general, and plainly intuitive [ 15].
In our initial analysis, we first categorized participants as taking part in visit 1 only (baseline only), in visit 1 and at least one other visit (some follow-up) or in all visits (all follow-up) by chi-square tests to compare proportions in each category.
A self report on drug adherence was given at every clinic visit and categorized as "drugs taken as prescribed yes/no".
Another school exempted 75% of its (mostly Hispanic) students and got a "recognized" rating.(Students categorized as Spanish-speaking take a different test, in their own language — but these test results have been outside the accountability system).
Interruption of treatment was categorized as: (1) interruption of taking drugs during intensive phase, or (2) interruption of taking drugs during continuation phase, or (3) interruption of taking drugs during both phases.
