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Using both analyses and an examination of historical controversies surrounding GE Os three categories of improvements to oversight are identified: democratization of oversight processes, establishing clear mechanisms for inter-agency and -organization coordination, and taking on uncertainty through upstream and fluid approaches.
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The categories of improvement included the following: completely recovered, much improved, slightly improved, not changed, slightly worse, much worse, and vastly worsened.
The findings showed a significant improvement in perception of the meaningfulness of life in four categories of improvement: expanded viewpoint, sadness about death, treating life sincerely, and instilling hope in life.
In each of the categories of improvement in PtGA, meaningful changes in SF-36, FACIT, and HAQ-DI were observed.
However, differences in mean changes from baseline were not always ordered consistently across categories of improvement defined by PtGA.
Although self-reported improvement was associated with an improvement on the scale, there was no gradual increase in scores over categories of improvement.
Table 4 shows the mean changes for categories of improvement in daily activities in patients who completed the questionnaire after three months (n = 76).
Using the guidelines of Cohen [ 35], these results indicate large (0.8), medium (0.5), and low (0.2) effect sizes for highest (≥50%), moderate (≥30% to <50%), and lowest (<30%) categories of improvement.
For example, in many instances mean improvements from baseline were either the same or reversed in order of magnitude between the two intermediate categories of improvement (-11 to-20 and -21 to-40) indicating there were few discernible benefits in physical function, HRQoL and fatigue between the two.
To evaluate the likelihood of improvement for the GPR group compared to the SE group, an ordered logistic regression model (adjusted for age, gender, BMI and white/blue-collar status) was performed using the classification into 3 ordered categories of improvement (from low to high) defined above as dependent variable.
Indeed, the magnitude and direction of mean HIT-6 change scores were fully in line with the percentage improvement in headache frequency reported by patients, with strong, moderate, and low effects sizes for the highest (>50%), middle (30%to50%0%), and lowest (<30%) categories of improvement, respectively.
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