For example, by 1892, in his The Monist paper entitled "The Doctrine of Necessity Examined," he had come to consider as false Kant's understanding of the crucial category of causation: "I believe I have thus subjected to fair examination all the important reasons for adhering to the theory of universal necessity, and have shown their nullity" (CP, 6.65).
Indeed, as others have objected (Bennett 1991, Carriero 1995, Melamed 2009), this proposal makes Spinoza's claim in Ip15 so unremarkable that it is hard to see why Spinoza went to such obfuscating lengths to phrase his ontology in terms of modes and inherence in the first place, since he had the categories of efficient causation and dependent beings at his disposal.
It is only by understanding the world as possessing enduring spatio-temporal objects, which enter into causal relations with each other (that is, it is only by applying the categories of substance and causation) that we can have intelligible experience.
These two iterative categories of adverse event causation were associated with death or permanent disability in 26% and 28% respectively of adverse events identified in the AQHCS.
This also made it natural to frame discussion around a broad category of explanation rather than narrower notions of "causation" (cf. Hempel, 1965b).
The overall objective of DiCE is to encourage the collection of data in several categories, since no single category is typically necessary or sufficient to supply compelling evidence of causation.
Colinearity influences the ability to ascribe causation by individual categories of land use (e.g., cropland, urban, forest, or grassland), but this was not the primary goal of our analysis.
In a review of definitions of "causation" in epidemiologic literature, Parascandola and Weed (2001) delineated five categories.
That is the doctrine of causation.
The precise chain of causation remains murky.
