Exact(4)
Such differences may have important implications for cross-sectional and longitudinal classifications that are made on the basis of percentile or categorical thresholds, such as sufficiently impaired performance to meet MCI or AD criteria.
These categorical thresholds were defined empirically: 1.5 corresponded to the mathematical point where the majority of tumour cells had decreased ERCC1 staining and, similarly, 2.5 corresponded to the mathematical point where the majority of tumour cells had increased staining.
With respect to categorical thresholds HRs were pooled across 11 studies 21 25 27 28 30 33–36 and, as expected, risk estimates were higher for more stringent clinical criteria.
Results for all landmark analyses are reported as the point estimate and 95% confidence interval for the distribution of patients in the pooled pirfenidone and placebo groups across categorical thresholds of change from baseline to month 12, as defined in the ASCEND study protocol.
Similar(56)
Three studies 18 34 39 (n=113+VaD 113+VaD cases) reported on categorical depression thresholds that were most consistent with a CES-D threshold of 16 and produced a pooled risk estimate of 2.20 (95% CI 0.87 to 5.59).
As in all-cause dementia analyses, pooled risk estimates for AD based on categorical depression thresholds across 10 studies 21 25 27 34 36 45–47 were higher for more stringent clinical criteria.
Summary HRs for different measures of depression (continuous measures of symptomatology or categorical clinical thresholds), and different dementia outcome categories (all-cause dementia, AD and VaD) are presented in table 2. Sufficient data were only available for the CES-D using a cut-off of either 20 or 16 to conduct subanalyses on individual scales at specified thresholds.
Mapping factors that cause hybrid dysfunction often employs methodology similar to those for mapping quantitative traits, but because hybrid sterility is studied as a binary (or categorical) and threshold trait, two distinctions are important.
It considers BMI both as a quantitative variable (continuous risk) and as a categorical variable (threshold risk).
We do it by making explicit that decisions are categorical (via threshold) at certain degree of cognitive effort (modeled via γ) parameter [ 27].
Socioeconomic status was represented as a "poverty income ratio," a measure of income relative to family size and compared to the federal poverty threshold (categorical, percentage of poverty threshold: < 100, 100 199, 200 299, 300 399, 400 499, > 500).
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