In response to the increasing land degradation in the area, the Sustainable Land Management (SLM) project rehabilitated the catchment through establishment of soil and water conservation structures such as cutoff drains, semicircular bunds, and water retention ditches.
Using this palaeoenvironmental evidence as an analogue, projected climate changes, i.e., increased seasonal heavy precipitation and more frequent extreme events, superimposed on increasing human pressure are likely to lead to the destabilisation of the catchment through erosion and possible reactivation of landslides.
We applied three BMPs; split fertilizer application (SF), winter cover crop cultivation (CC), and a combination of the two (SFCC) to major dryland crops (cabbage, potato, radish and soybean) in order to investigate their effectiveness at the catchment scale through the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model.
In addition to calculating costs for actual MNH service volumes, this study determined costs for delivering the projected volumes of MNH services needed by the catchment populations through the two contracted out facilities.
In the original intervention design, the head nurse at each health facility was tasked with overseeing all Care Group activities within the health facility catchment area, through the direct supervision of the CHWs.
In the alpine lake, this was most likely a response to increased underwater UV induced by reduced primary production and more transparent water column during the cold summers of LIA, whereas reduced input of carbon compounds from the catchment through elongated permafrost and ice-cover periods likely induced higher water transparency in the boreal lake during this cold climate phase.
We advocate for further studies to quantify the impact of the urban area and agriculture on the entire river system catchment through increased sampling sites and assessing nutrient loading over time and space.
The aim of this study is to suggest strategies for a permanent reduction of sediment and nitrate from this catchment through an efficient application of best management practices (BMPs).
These activities include rehabilitation of gullies in Suswa catchment through establishment of several soil and water conservation structures such as terraces, semicircular bands, check dams, cutoff drains, and water retention ditches.
Within 300 metres of the stone that marked it were ploughed fields, overhanging the catchment, left bare through the winter and compacted by heavy machinery.
