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Urine samples were collected according to guidelines (first catch urine: FCU, mid-stream, at least two hours after previous urination, at least 10 - 20 ml urine).
For diagnosis of cervical STIs, a first catch urine sample was collected for DNA PCR testing for GC and CT (Roche Pharmaceuticals, Branchburg, NJ, USA).
Criteria for inclusion in the study were no overt symptoms of urethral infection (e.g. urethral discharge or dysuria) and negative for urethritis (defined as <5 neutrophils per high power field in first catch urine).
Here we used 16S rRNA PCR and DNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities in first catch urine, as a proxy for urethral swabs, collected from a cohort of sexually active adult men at high risk for STI.
There was difficulty in this population to obtain a clean catch urine specimen.
Prior to euthanasia, free catch urine was collected for cytokine analysis.
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Then it would be off to the restroom for a clean-catch urine sample.
Surveillance for hematuria was conducted with dipsticks on clean-catch urine specimens obtained at research clinic visits.
"To us, he was just our father," said Martha Cade, the second of his six children, who fondly recalled his many nonsport inventions, including a device to get clean-catch urine specimens from women, a bottomless shoe-polish can and a high-protein popsicle, Ten Plus.
While chimpanzees nested in trees at night, a field assistant below them caught urine in a plastic bag held between a forked twig.
In order to determine whether collecting two sequential non-clean caught urine samples during the same void to test for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and UTI is a reasonable approach, we assessed the degree to which perineal cleansing reduces bacterial contamination of mid-stream urine cultures.
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