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The global landscape is littered with the debris of strong national economies that were undermined by the uncertainty of political crises, fiscal emergencies and other catalysts of instability.
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Iran has been a catalyst of instability in the Middle East for years.
A subsequent report issued by the CNA Corporation Military Advisory Board, a government-funded military research organization, went even further, stating that the effects of climate change -- food insecurity and massive forced displacement, just to name two -- "will serve as catalysts for instability and conflict".
Even though the whole cell-catalyzed reduction of o-chloroacetophenone presents an extreme case of catalyst instability, the problem of catalyst inactivation by hydrophobic substrates is common to a large number of biotransformations in organic synthesis (Burton et al., 2002; Doig et al., 2002; Kizaki et al., 2001; Kratzer et al., 2011; Pfruender et al., 2006; Schmid et al., 2001).
Further calculation shows that, in the case of PI control, the Hopf point, which is the dividing point of the stable and unstable region on the parameter plane, not vanishes but moves to another position with higher catalyst feed rate and the risk of instability still remains.
Nevertheless Au III) catalysts suffer from instability of the oxidized metal complexes during preparation and use.
Short term stability tests on the initially most active catalysts revealed the instability of these catalysts in comparison to those obtained at higher pyrolysis temperatures (900 1000°CC).
A feeling of instability.
The place reeks of instability.
The risk of instability remains.
The feeling of instability persists.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com