In 1852, for instance, Alfred Russel Wallace was returning to England after four years in the Amazon when his ship caught fire and sank, taking twenty or so cases of specimens with it.
In the cases of specimens retrofitted with head re-bars, V s is calculated according to KCI (2012).
In the cases of specimens retrofitted with steel jackets, V s is evaluated according to Eurocode 8-3 (2005).
Here they wield their entomological forceps over cases of specimens, watched over silently by terracotta clay wild boars, owls and antelopes set into the building's roof pillars.
In the cases of specimens retrofitted with CFRPs, the contribution of CFRPs to the shear strength is evaluated according to ACI 440.2R-02 (2012).
The IS:800-2007 AS/NZS/NZS 4600 2005 predictions are good for the specimens with three bolted connections and unconservative in the case of specimen with two bolts.
While fiber-pull out is the major failure mode in the case of specimen loaded parallel to 0° and 90° fiber orientation, the localized shear strain developed in polymer-rich regions is the driving failure cause in the case of 45° off-axis specimen.
According to this consideration, the effect of tension stiffening area over the embedded steel behavior model is illustrated in Fig. 3b for the case of specimen H75/2.
In the case of specimen J-CFRP (Fig. 16b), with the wrapping of the CFRPs, the peak load and deformation capacity of specimen J-CFRP were slightly greater than those of J-0; however, the difference was not considerable.
Meanwhile, in the case of specimen J-A, which was strengthened with the head re-bars, the peak load and deformation capacity of J-A were almost the same as those of J-0.
